Genealogical research often leads us down the rabbit hole of historical documents — census records, wills, diaries, and letters that hold the keys to our ancestors’ lives. However, the journey to uncovering these treasures can be halted by a common obstacle: the challenge of deciphering old handwriting and abbreviations. The script of yesteryears, with its swirls and flourishes, coupled with the use of abbreviations unfamiliar to us today, can make reading these documents feel like translating a foreign language. This blog post aims to offer insights, guidance, and inspiration to both novice and experienced genealogists on how to navigate this aspect of genealogy research.

Understanding Historical Handwriting

Get Familiar with the Scripts
Different time periods and regions used various handwriting styles. For example, in English-speaking countries, you might encounter Secretary Hand, Copperplate, or Spencerian scripts, each with its unique characteristics. Familiarizing yourself with the script pertinent to the time and place you’re researching is the first step toward understanding the documents.

Start with Known Words
Begin by identifying words you know or can easily guess based on the context. Names, dates, and places can often be pieced together even in the most challenging scripts. Recognizing these anchor points within the text can provide clues to decipher more complex parts.

Use Alphabet Guides
Alphabet guides that show each letter in the script you’re working with can be invaluable. These guides can be found in genealogy guidebooks or online resources, like this one from FamilySearch. Practice by copying the letters to get a feel for their shapes and variations.

Decoding Abbreviations

Understand Common Abbreviations
Historical documents often used abbreviations to save space and ink. For example, “inst.” might stand for “instant” (referring to the current month), “ult.” for “ultimo” (the previous month), and “prox.” for “proximo” (the next month). Familiarize yourself with common abbreviations used in the types of documents you’re researching.

Context is Key
The meaning of an abbreviation can vary depending on the context. For instance, “Jno” could be an abbreviation for “John,” but understanding its use within a specific document requires considering the surrounding text and known facts about the individuals involved.

Reference Materials
Keep a list of common abbreviations and their meanings handy, or use online databases and glossaries dedicated to old abbreviations and their usage in historical documents. With a quick browser search, you can find all sorts of lists of abbreviations, like this one from RootsWeb. Many city directories and other sources will also include a key for abbreviations in the text for that specific resource.

Strategies for Practice and Improvement

Transcribe Regularly
Practice makes perfect. Regularly transcribe sections of old documents to improve your skills. Start with clearer parts and gradually challenge yourself with more difficult passages.

Join a Study Group
Participating in or forming a study group with fellow genealogists can provide support and collective knowledge, making the learning process less daunting and more enjoyable.

Utilize Online Forums and Resources
Online forums dedicated to genealogy and historical research can be excellent places to seek help and advice. Websites like FamilySearch and Ancestry have communities where you can post images of documents and receive assistance in transcription and interpretation. There are several Facebook communities as well where you can upload images and others are willing to help you decipher a text. Youtube videos are another great resource when trying to learn about deciphering old handwriting.

Attend Workshops and Webinars
Look for workshops, webinars, and courses on reading old handwriting offered by genealogical societies, archives, and libraries. These educational opportunities can provide structured learning and expert insights.

Deciphering old handwriting and abbreviations in historical documents is a skill that develops over time, with patience and practice. It’s a journey back in time, connecting us more deeply with our ancestors through the very strokes of their pens. Remember, each document decoded is a victory, revealing another piece of your family’s puzzle. Embrace the challenge, and let the thrill of discovery drive your quest for understanding. Your ancestors’ stories are waiting to be told, and with these strategies, you’re well on your way to bringing their voices to life.